The Best Homemade Soup Stocks

Angus Fergusson

 

 

 

 

 

There is something so comforting and nostalgic about a nourishing bowl of homemade soup. It is both lovely to eat, and lovely to make. Many of us rely on a pre-made stock for our soups which is a perfectly acceptable substitution – both convenient, and (depending on the brand) satisfactory in taste. However, if you want to take your soup to the next level, it’s time to make some homemade stock.
Homemade, high-quality stocks are the foundation for sauces, soups and many other dishes in restaurant kitchens. While we don’t need our home kitchens to keep up with restaurant standards, this ridiculously easy process will improve the flavour of your cooking immensely.

Soup essentials
The first component in a flavourful stock is bones, or vegetables, if making veggie stock. Next is aromatic vegetables – typically onions, carrots and celery. The ratio of vegetables should be: two parts onion to one part celery and one part carrot. Finally, a stock requires some seasoning which comes in the form of herbs and spices – you do not salt a stock! Dried spices and herbs are suitable but should be used in their whole form (not ground). Use herbs such as thyme, bay leaves, peppercorns and parsley. Depending on your stock you may also opt for garlic, but you will taste it in the final product so be sure your final dish will suit the garlic flavour. Herbs and spices can be tied in a cheesecloth sachet, making them easier to retrieve after cooking, or they can be removed once your stock is strained.

Soup ratio
The most useful stocks to make are chicken, beef, fish and vegetable stock. It is a good idea to make stock in large batches – it freezes beautifully and then you always have it on hand. In terms of ratio, your stock should consist of 100% water, 50% bones and 10% vegetables. In other words, 6 L of water would need about 2.5kg (6 lbs) bones and 454g (1 lb) vegetables. Fish stock is the exception. It cooks very quickly so less water is required. Fish stocks need half the amount of vegetables to 4L water ad 2.5 kg bones. Often a cup of white wine is added to fish stock…why not!

Tips for making chicken, beef and fish stock
It is recommended to cut the bones into smaller pieces (4 inches or so) in order to extract the most flavour and gelatine from the bones. If you’re not in the mood…throw them in whole…life is short.
Vegetables should be cut in a size proportional to the cook time of the stock. You want the flavour extracted by the vegetables but don’t need them turning to mush or it will interfere with the clarity of your stock. Beef stocks should be cooked for 6 to 8 hours, so vegetables can go in whole, or halved. Chicken stocks are cooked for 3 to 4 hours, so vegetables should be cut into 2 inch pieces. Fish stocks cook very quickly, so in order to get the most flavour they should be coarsely diced.

Cooking method
Cover the bones with fresh, cold water. Bring the water to a boil, then reduce to a simmer. Skim off any residue that has risen to the top. Add vegetables and seasonings. Keep the simmer low to prevent any residue that rises to the top from boiling back into your stock. Skim and add more water as needed to keep the bones covered. Remove pot from heat and let cool. Strain. Although admittedly this is not technically the “chef-y” way to do it, I find the best method is to now chill your stock and let the fat solidify at the top. The residual fat will rise to the top and form a solid film, making it an easy to remove. Then you are left with a flavourful, clean stock free of fat.

Vegetable stock tips
 Vegetable stock consist of vegetables, herbs and spices and water. Wine is also sometimes added. Depending on the vegetables you use, the flavour of your stock can vary greatly so be careful with the vegetables you choose. Using particularly strong vegetables (fennel, cauliflower, cabbage) will result in a stock predominantly flavoured with those vegetables. If you are looking for a relatively neutral flavour, opt for onions, celery and carrots. Avoid starchy vegetables such as potatoes as they will turn your stock cloudy. Also consider the colour or the vegetable you are selecting for stock. If the vegetable tends to leech a lot of colour (thinking beets), your finished product will be that colour. The size of your vegetables should be cut relatively small as vegetable stock generally simmer for only 45 minutes. The ratios for vegetable stock are the same as fish stock.

Now that you’re inspired, whip up a batch of homemade chicken stock.